The expanding scope of artificial intelligence integration in mathematics education: A comprehensive review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55630/mem.2026.55.242-254Keywords:
artificial intelligence, mathematics education, intelligent tutoring systems, adaptive learning systems, Socratic AI tutoring, human–AI hybrid instruction, conceptual understandingAbstract
As of early 2026, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has transitioned from an experimental auxiliary tool to a foundational pillar of modern mathematical pedagogy. This paper evaluates the rapid evolution of AI-driven mathematics tools over the academic year 2025–2026, emphasizing the shift toward adaptive, Socratic tutoring systems. We analyze key platforms and tools such as Khanmigo, Mathos AI, and Tutor CoPilot, assessing their impact on student mastery and teacher efficiency. Empirical studies from recent years suggest that AI-assisted human tutoring can lead to measurable improvements in student topic mastery. However, the integration of AI in mathematics education faces ongoing challenges regarding cognitive over-reliance and data privacy. This review synthesizes contemporary research to provide a framework for balanced AI integration that prioritizes conceptual understanding over automated problem-solving.
References
Adair, A., et al. U.S. High School Students’ Use of Generative Artificial Intelligence. New Evidence from High School Students, Parents, and Educators. College Board Research, 2025, https://research.collegeboard.org/media/pdf/AI%20Research%20Brief%201_vf_0.pdf, last visited 04.02.2026
Anthropic. Claude 3.5 Sonnet, 2024. https://www.anthropic.com/news/claude-3-5-sonnet, last visited 04.02.2026
Ash, A.M. Three in 10 Teachers Use AI Weekly, Saving Six Weeks a Year, 2025. https://news.gallup.com/poll/691967/three-teachers-weekly-saving-six-weeks-year.aspx, last visited 05.01.2026
Attewell, S. Student Perceptions 2025: Insights from a Group of Pre-sessional International Students at the University of Manchester. AI in universities and colleges, 2025. https://nationalcentreforai.jiscinvolve.org/wp/2025/09/01/student-perceptions-2025-insights-from-a-group-of-pre-sessional-international-students-at-the-university-of-manchester/, last visited 04.02.2026
Balunović, M., et al. MathArena: Evaluating LLMs on Uncontaminated Math Competitions. arXiv:2505.23281v3 [cs.AI], 2026. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2505.23281
Benedek, M., B.R. Sziklai. Impact of AI tools on learning outcomes: decreasing knowledge and over-reliance. arXiv:2510.16019v1 [cs.CY], 2025. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2510.16019
Booth, R. Generation AI: fears of ‘social divide’ unless all children learn computing skills, 2026, https://www.theguardian.com/education/2026/jan/05/generation-ai-fears-of-social-divide-unless-all-children-learn-computing-skills, last visited 05.01.2026
Brainly Staff. Report: How Students Are Embracing AI This Back-to-School Season (2025), Insights: The Brainly Blog, 2025. https://brainly.com/insights/report-how-students-are-embracing-ai-this-back-to-school-season-2025, last visited 04.02.2026
Charlotte, N.C. New Enhancements to DreamBox Math by Discovery Education Improves Accessibility for Elementary Students. Discovery Education, 2025. https://www.discoveryeducation.com/details/new-enhancements-to-dreambox-math-by-discovery-education-improves-accessibility-for-elementary-students/, last visited 04.02.2026
Contractor, Z., G. Reyes. Generative AI in Higher Education: Evidence from an Elite College. arXiv:2508.00717 [econ.GN], 2025. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2508.00717
DeepSeek. DeepSeek-R1 Release: Reasoning Models and Benchmarks. DeepSeek API Docs, 2025. https://api-docs.deepseek.com/news/news250120, last visited 04.02.2026
Desmos Studio. What’s New at Desmos Studio. Desmos Help Center, 2025. https://help.desmos.com/hc/en-us/articles/4405017454477--What-s-New-at-Desmos-Studio#h_01KC4GCCYWN5KTS2GYYJWWC2QY, last visited 04.02.2026
Dyuzhov, A. Top 5 Best AI Tools for Math in 2025. AI Hub, Overchart AI, 2025. https://overchat.ai/ai-hub/best-ai-tools-for-math-in-2025, last visited 04.02.2026
Evidence for Essa. DreamBox Math, DreamBox Learning, 2025. https://www.evidenceforessa.org/program/dreambox-learning/, last visited 04.02.2026
Faveiro, M., O. Sidoti. Teens, Social Media and AI Chatbots 2025. Pew Research Center, 2025. https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2025/12/09/teens-social-media-and-ai-chatbots-2025/, last visited 04.02.2026
Garcia, K.F., et al. Engineering students' perceptions and actual use of AI-based math tools for solving mathematical problems. Acta Psychologica, 256, 105004, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2025.105004
Garcia, M.B., et al. Modernizing mathematics education with artificial intelligence: a narrative review of AI-powered tools, thematic trends, and instructional applications, SSRN, 2025, https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5621770
GeoGebra. GeoGebra Math Practice, 2026. https://www.geogebra.org/mathpractice/en, last visited 04.02.2026
Google Support. Use Deep Think in Gemini Apps. Gemini Apps Help, 2025. https://support.google.com/gemini/answer/16345172, last visited 04.02.2026
Gqoli, N., J. Baidoo. The integration of artificial intelligence in mathematics education: towards developing a conceptual framework for understanding student perspectives in higher education. E-Journal of Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences Vol.6 No.10, pp 2660-2674, 2025. https://doi.org/10.38159/ehass.202561031
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, Artificial Intelligence In Bulgarian School Education. Digital Innovations in Education, Brief №6, The World Bank, 2024. https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/099609411142514872/pdf/IDU-2c378d78-1beb-40e2-889c-a389b89cd321.pdf, last visited 04.02.2026
Khanmigo ECHO: Transforming classroom education by training teachers to use AI. The University of New Mexico, 2025, https://projectecho.unm.edu/story/khanmigo-echo-transforming-classroom-education-by-training-teachers-to-use-ai/, last visited 05.01.2026
Mathos AI. Mathos AI Vs. MathGPT.AI: Which AI Math Tutor Is Right for You?, 2025. https://www.mathgptpro.com/blog/mathos-ai-mathgpt-ai-math-tutor-right, last visited 04.02.2026
Merod, A. Risks from AI use are growing alongside its popularity in schools, 2025, https://www.k12dive.com/news/risks-from-ai-use-are-growing-alongside-its-popularity-in-schools/802387/, last visited 05.01.2026
Meylani, R. AI-powered assessments in mathematics education: a systematic review of contemporary research literature. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Buca Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi 66:3642–3674, 2025. https://doi.org/10.53444/deubefd.1527781
Microsoft Support. Getting Started with Math Progress, 2025. . https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/topic/getting-started-with-math-progress-a3e786d8-afcd-43e7-bc45-ef65d6c72bc9#id0edd=educators, last visited 04.02.2026
Mohammad, N.M., et al. How college students use ChatGPT. Pedagogical Research, 10(4), em0250, 2025. https://doi.org/10.29333/pr/17428
Nguyen, D.T., Q.V. Pham. The evolving landscape of AI integration in mathematics education: A systematic review of trends (2015-2025). EURASIA Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 21(10), em2714, 2025. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejmste/17078
Nikiforova-Ilieva, K., T. Georgiev. Understanding the role of AI chatbots in education: a cross-context analysis of awareness, trust, and implementation. 2025 10th International Conference on Energy Efficiency and Agricultural Engineering, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1109/EEAE65901.2025.11273728
Palacio, A.B. Unleashing the Power of Wolfram Alpha API with Python and ChatGPT., Packt, 2023. https://www.packtpub.com/en-us/learning/how-to-tutorials/unleashing-the-power-of-wolfram-alpha-api-with-python-and-chatgpt, last visited 04.02.2026
Photomath. Math from all angles: Photomath for different learning styles, Build Your Math Mind, 2025. https://photomath.com/articles/math-from-all-angles-photomath-for-different-learning-styles/, last visited 04.02.2026
Research and Markets. AI in Education Market Report 2025, 2025. https://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/5896034/ai-in-education-market-report?srsltid=AfmBOoq9jGNebo6mOS3v6D085N6mokSVr0YfYY6wiaIicT97QCHuZqRz, last visited 04.02.2026
Rutgers Canvas. Feature Release: Khanmigo Teacher Tools, 2025. https://canvas.rutgers.edu/2025/04/24/feature-release-khanmigo-teacher-tools/, last visited 04.02.2026
Sevilla, A., Cuevas-Ruiz, P., Rello, L. et al. Artificial Intelligence in Education: Computer-Assisted Learning and AI-guided Tutors. Ital Econ J (2025). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40797-025-00354-1
Stefanova, T., S. Georgiev. Possibilities for using AI in mathematics education. Mathematics and Education in Mathematics, 53, 117-125, 2024. https://doi.org/10.55630/mem.2024.53.117-125
Sutomo, W.A.B., T. Turmudi. Integration of artificial intelligence in mathematics learning: systematic literature review. Supremum Journal of Mathematics Education 9(1):29-41, 2025. https://doi.org/10.35706/sjme.v9i1.100
Tan, L.Y., et al. Artificial intelligence-enabled adaptive learning platforms: A review. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence 9, 100429, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2025.100429
Vasileva, G. Mobile app solves math problems in seconds, marica.bg, 2017. https://uchiteli.bg/news/mobilno-prilozhenie-reshava-zadachi-po-matematika-za-sekundi/3579, last visited 04.02.2026
Wang, R.E., et al. Tutor CoPilot: a human-AI approach for scaling real-time expertise. arXiv:2410.03017v2 [cs.CL], 2025. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2 410.03017
Yıldız, S.G., S.G. Körpeoğlu. Trends and insights of AI in mathematics education: A bibliometric analysis. International Electronic Journal of Mathematics Education 20(3), em0837, 2025. https://doi.org/10.29333/iejme/16401
